The hydrophobic character of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) isoagglutinins.

Peanut seed lectin (PNA) is widely used to identify tumor-specific antigens on the eukaryotic cell surface. In this work PNA was purified by affinity chromatography, using a column containing glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes, whereas PNA isoforms were purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using Phenyl-Sepharose. The affinity-purified PNA and its isoforms consist of four equal subunits of 24.5 kDa each, all of which agglutinated human sialidase-treated erythrocytes equally well; however, differences in their relative thermostabilities and sugar specificities for lactose were observed. Fractions PNA-I and PNA-II possess higher affinity for lactose residues than the more hydrophobic isoforms III and IV. These findings suggest that the differences observed in PNA isoagglutinins are due to hydrophobic regions of the protein that influence the three-dimensional organization of the molecule as well as its thermal stability and sugar specificity.